Abstract
Archaeology provides a position that allows the researcher to deal more effectively than any other discipline with the imperfect material evidence of the long-term changes in the culturally transmitted human behavior. Within this approach, ethnoarchaeology is an essential source of information that contributes to the interpretation of incomplete data from prehistoric past, given their condition of real results of human behavior. This paper aims at defining the role of ethnoarchaeology in the understanding of the process of long-term change and the examination of the framework of archaeological explanation, criticizing literalism and implicitly the literal explanations of causality. The vision on the past must be capable and follow the dynamics of the evolutionary and biologic realities, as exemplified by the traditional practice.